Temporary and permanent excavation support/retaining walls
Stabilization of tunnel portals
Stabilization of slopes
Repair of retaining walls
Types of Facing
The type of facing depends on application and soil type. Current facings include:
Shotcrete, generally reinforced with either
o Welded wire mesh
o Rebar
o Steel or polyester fibers
Prefabricated concrete or steel panels
Corrosion Protection
Corrosion protection is necessary for long-term temporary and/or permanent works
Epoxy Coatings
Polyethylene Sheathing
Soil Nailing Design Steps
Perform geotechnical site investigation
Evaluate excavation/nailed wall geometry
Check wall stability - internal/external
Incorporate drainage control system with nail wall design
Finalize nailing layout and work sequence
Suitable Application Media
Soil nailing is possible in a wide range of materials including:
Clays
Sandy soils
Weathered rock; tallus slope deposits
Heterogeneous and stratified soils
Soil nailing is not practical in:
Soft, plastic clays
Organics/Peat
Loose (N less than 10), low density and/or saturated soils
Fills (rubble, cinder, ash, etc.)
Soil Nailing Drainage Systems
Drainage systems are incorporated into the nailed wall, reducing liquid pressure and preventing saturation of the reinforced ground. Drainage systems include:
Geotextile facing : Drilled in place relief wells
Slotted plastic collection piping
Surface drainage control above and behind the retaining wall is also critical to the system.
Soil Nailing Quality Control
Nailing installation sequence
o Verification testing - pull test to verify design strengths
o Progressive monitoring for design performance
Conventional movement monitoring
o Inclinometers
o Optical survey of fixed targets
o Shotcrete : Thickness, Strength